Kutaa 2ffaa: Siyaasa gantummaa fi gartummaa to`achuun tokkummaa moraa qabsoo bilisummaa Oromoo (QBO) dhugoomsa

Zakaariyaas Mulataa fi Malkamuu Jaatee

Caamsaa 2013, Oromiyaa

2. Sochilee QBO takaluu kessatti qooda siyaasa gartummaa

Sirna malee garaa-garummaatti fayyadamuudhaan gartummaa siyasaa sirna- dhabilessa ijaaruudhaan QBO adeemsa dhorkuun hojii abaarameedha. Gartummaa molgaaween siyaasa QBO hogganuun kun adeemsa kessa hirrina hubannaa siyasaa irraa moraa QBO kessatti dhalate fi babalataa adeeme. Siyaasa gartummaa kana kutaalee lamatti adda qoduudhan xinxala.

2.1. Siyaasa gartummaa amantaa

Ummati Oromoo jaarmoolee amantaa akaaku sadii (3) jalatti ijaaramudhaan Waaqayoon waaqessa: isaanis Waaqefatummaa, Islaamummaa, fi Kiristaanummaa. Osoo jarmaan amantii Islaamummaa fi Kiristaanummaa biyya Oromoo hin seenin dura ummati Oromoo sirna Waaqefatummaa jalatti tokkomee hogganama ture. Garuu baroota dhiyoo asi ummati Oromoo sirna amantaa hordofuun gosoota sadiif (3f) addaan qodameera. Kanafuu jaarmaa QBO ilaalcha sirna amantaa calaqisu irratti hundeesun rakkina irratti rakkina dabalachuudha. Senaa biyya lafaa kessatti jaarmaa amantaa akka meshaa siyaasa babalisutti yookin jaarmaa siyaasaa akka meshaa amantaa babalisutti fayyadamuu irraa walidhibdeen dhalataa turee fi jiru lubbuu namoota nagaa miliyoona heddu galaafateera.

Siyaasi gartummaa amantaa irratti hundaawe bara 1978 moraa QBO kessatti jalqabamee. Bara 1978 kessa sababii hin beekamneen wareegamuu hogganota Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo (ABO) giddugalessa godhatun waldhibdee madde irraa jeequmsi kessaan dhalate. Jequmsi kunis siyaasa gartummaa amantaa calaqisu moraa QBO kessatti mullise. Gartuun bara sana jaarmaa ABO irraa foxoqees jaarmaa Adda Islaamumaa Bilisummaa Oromoo (AIBO) jedhamu hundessuudhaan qabsoo hidhannoo, siyasaa, fi qunnamtii alagaa eegaluuf dirqamee. Maqaa AIBO jedhamu kana irraa akka hubatamutti, siyaasi gartummaa amantaa moraa QBO kessaa dhalachuu mirkaneessa. Hogganoti AIBO ilaalcha islamummaan QBO geggessuun bilisummaa Oromiyaa ni saffisiisa jechuun tilmaamu hin hafan.Garuu ummati Oromoo waan ilaalchoota amantaa gosoota sadiif (3f) qodameef toftaa fi tarsimoon akeekame kun hojii QBO fuula dura furgaasuuf hin milkofine.

Siyaasa gartummaa amantaa fayyadamuudhaan qabenyaan horatamaa ture QBO fininsuuf hin mijofine, sababii qabenyaan horatame irra hedduun gartummaan wali irratti duluuf olifameef. Bekanii osoo hin hubatin angoon QBO milkesuuf horatame alkalattin dina waloo tumsuuf olifame. Gartummaa ilaalcha sirna amantaa irratti hundaaween waliqodanii QBO hogganun badiisa ta`uun bara dheraa booda hubatamee. “Extraordinary congress of islamic front for libration of Oromia (IFLO) has adopted and issued a new and completely different constitution, structure of organization, name of the front, and its flag: therefore the name of the front shall be

known as front for the independance democratic Oromia (FIDO) from 30th of

September 2005 and the congress unanimously re-elected Jaarraa Abbaa Gadaa as the president of FIDO10.” Gara hojiitti hikamuun murtee hogganoota siyaasa QBO

kun deggeramuu fi jajjabeefamu qaba. Nagenya ummata Oromoo tiksuudhaaf siyaasaan kallatii yookin alkalatiidhaan ilaalcha sirna amantaa calaqisu moraa QBO fi Oromiyaa irraa fagaatuun bayyisee barbaachisaadha.

2.2. Siyaasa gartummaa gosaa

Tokkummaan (sabummaan) ummata Oromoo seera umamaa fi dhalotaan daangefamuun gosota gurguddoo kudha tokko (11) irratti ijaaramee jiru ilaalcha Oromummaan tikfama. “Oromo nation is subdivided into 11 major tribes: (1) Arsi, (2) Borana, (3) Guji, (4) Hartuma & Jile, (5) Itu & Humbana, (6) Karayu, (7) Mecha, (8) Raya, (9) Tulema, (11) Wallo, and (12) Yaju 18.” Motumooti Habashaa sirna

gabirummaa dirirfatan tikfatuuf akka isaaniif mijatutti ummata Oromoo kutaalee Arisii, Baale, Hararge, Ilu-abbaa-Boraa, Jimma, Shawwaa, Wallagga, fi Walloo jedhamutti addaan kukkutudhaan abbootii dulaaf hiran. Dhibbaa gabirummaan fidee irraa ilaalchi Arisummaa, Baalummaa, Harargummaa, Ilu-abbaa-Borummaa, Jimmummaa, Shawwummaa, Wallaggummaa, fi Wallummaa dhalateera. Jaarmaan siyaasa QBO kan kallatiidhaan maqaa gosaa yookin kutaa Oromiyaa moggaafachun ifatti ijaarame hin jiru. Garuu jeequmsi moraa QBO kessatti yeroo adda addaa dhalatee fi babalataa adeeme yeroo gadi fagenyaan xinxalamee ilaalamu calaqisi siyaasa gartummaa gosaa (kutaa dhalotaa) ifaan ni mullata.Siyaasaan ilaalcha Oromummaa giddugalessa godhate moraa QBO kessatti guddachuu, tikfamuu, fi ballachuu hin dandenye; sababii bara 1992 irraa egalee dinni garaa garummaa dhalotaa meshaa godhachuun hojii diggaaf ergamtoota isaa bobbaafateef.

Oromummaan hundee jirenya (aadaa, senaa, siyaasa, dinagidee, fi hawaasa) ummata Oromoo ta`uu gadi fagenyaan hubatuu hanqachuudhaan ololola garaa garummaa dinni karaa ergamtota isaa afarsaa turee fi jiru hogganoti siyaasa QBO kessumeessuu egalan. Kanaafuu siyaasi gartummaa gosaa, kan tessuma lafa Oromiyaa irratti hundaawe, bara kessa calaqqisaa adeeme. Yeroo jalqabaaf bara

1998 kessa siyaasi gartummaa gosaa kan garaa gaarummaa tessuma lafa Oromiyaa hundeefate moraa QBO kessatti mullate. Waajjirooti ABO biyyoota hormaa bulchuuf angoo (dirqama) hogganoota ABO sadarkaa olii irraan kennamu argachuuf (fudhachuuf) hogganoota ABO kaaba Amerikaa turan giddutti dorgoomii geggefame kessaa waldhibdeen bulchinsaa dhalatee ture moraa QBO cabsuudhaan gartuu siyaasaa Gumii Bilisummaa Oromoo (GBO) argamsiise. Ijaaramu GBO kessaan siyaasi gartumaa alkalatiin Shawummaa calaqisu moraa QBO hiruun achi ba`ee.

Siyaasi gartummaa hundeen Shawummaa ta`ee ergii mullatee waggota 4 booda waldhibdee bara 2002 hogganota ABO giddutti dhalate kessaan siyaasi gartummaa gosaa inni 2ffaan ifaan mullate. Gartuun kun jarmaa qaama ce`umsaa ABO (QC- ABO) jedhamu gurmeesun yeroof ergi sochoween booda ani ABO isa sirri (qajeelaa) jechuun hojii siyasaa, hidhannoo, fi qunnamtii alagaa geggessuu egale. Hogganni gartuu ABO kun foxoqinsa jaarmaa dhalateef sababiin kennate: “kayyoon ABO inni jalqabaa waan dandii QBO irraa maqeef nuyi kayyoo jalqabaa tiksuuf cabsanne”, garuu gartuun Shanee Gumii ABO (Asmara group) Itophiyaa dimookiratessuuf gara biyyaatti galuuf qabsoo hidhannoo lagatee jechuun ilaalcha siyasaa gartummaa dhoksuuf carraaqan. Garuu rakkolee walxaxoo adeemsa QBO qunnamaniif kayyoo ABO foyyessuu yookin jijjiruun furmaata tokko yoo jedhameef: qoratamee caasaa angoon kennamefitti ergii dhiyateen booda heera jaarmaan dangeefamuun raawatama malee hogganoti QBO sirna-cabsuudhaan siyaasa gartuumma gosaa, alkalatiin Wallaggummaa calaqisuu, babalisuu hin qaban ture. “Hogganooti ABO bara 2002 moraa QBO kessatti walijeqaa turan deggerssa gartummaa siyasaa

baayyifachuuf alkalattiin kutaa kessaa dhalatanitti fayyadamaniru, kanaafuu qondaaloti fi miseensoti ABO warri kutaa Wallagga irraa fagessuun siyaasa QBO ilaalu hin dandenye iddoo dhalootaan (Wallaggummaan) firomuu hedachuudhaan siyaasa gartummaa faana hiriraniru13.”

Ittifufinsi waldhiibdee hogganota QBO bifa jijjirachuun bara 2008 kessa jaarmaa ABO gartuu lamatti ergii addaan qodee booda siyaasa gartummaa gosaa, alkalatiin Arisummaa calaqisu, marsaa 3ffaaf haaluma isa 2ffaan walifakaatun moraa QBO kessatti ifa baaseera. Gartuun kun jarmaa qaama jijjirama (QJ) ABO ykn koree yeroo (KY) ABO jedhamee gurmeesun yeroof ergi sochoween booda ani ABO isa haarefameedha jechuun, ofi beeksisaa, hojii QBO gartummaan hogganuu fufeera. Gartummaa ijaaruf sababiin himamu: “tarsimoo fi toftaalee adeemsa hojii QBO gara fooyyeesutti jijjiran hojii irra olchuuf qabsoofina” jechuun siyaasa gartummaa gosaa aguguu yaalu. “Despite its military and political strength, OLF had been unable to wage a consistent and forceful campaign against the regime of Tigrean People Liberation Front; therefore the new leadership will focus on intensifying the armed

struggle against the Meles regime5.” Garuu jijjirammi toftaa, tarsimoo, fi hogganoota

ABO yoo adeemsa hojii QBO ni foyyesu ta`eef: silaa haarefami hawwamu kun qoratamee ergii caasaa heraan angoo qabuuf dhiyateen booda sirnaan raggaasifamuun gara hojiitti hikama malee; siyaasa gartuummaa ilaalcha Arisummaa calaqisu dhalchuu hin qabu ture. “Narrow-minded groups within the OLF cannot see beyond a limited sphere… every thing possible was also done to cover-up individual as well as group errors…Nationalism as an ideology for the struggle was at its

infancy and not yet properly defined7.”

Hameenya siyaasa gosummaa osoo fagoo hin adeemin biyya olla, Somaaliyaa, caqasuudhaan hubannaa irraa argatuun dansa. Bara 1991 booda hogganoti siyaasa biyya Somaaliyaa dhimma hojii siyaasaaf garaa garummaa gosaa fi tessuma lafaatti sirna malee fayyadamuun isaanii dhimmoota bulchiinsa ummata Somaalee kessa hunduu (jaarmiyaa fi motummaan adda addaa) dangaa-malee senuudhaan waan barbaadan dalagatuuf ulaalee cufaa hin qabaatin babba`neeraaf. Rakkoon kun ummata Somaalee golii walixaxeef saaxiluudhaan jirenya Somaaliyaa bara hin murtofineef dhabamsise. Gartuuleen moraa QBO hogganan bara 1992 booda karaa marsaa internet (Fakkif: O-net, pal-talk, kkf) fi hawaasota Oromoo biyyoota hormaa kessaan siyaasa alkalatiin ilaalcha gosummaa calaqisu ofuun ilmaan Oromoo giddutti walishakkii babalisuudhaan Oromoo gosummaan walirratti dulsisuuf yaalaniru. Maddi rakkoo kanaa dorgommii aangoo ti. Rakkoon aangoof dorgomuu ammoo ummata Oromoo bira jira osoo hin taane barattoota (<beektoota) Oromoo bira jira. Osoo waan tokkoyuu hin to`atiin siyaasa wali-hamii, wali-shakkii, fi wali-yakkii geggesuun ummata Oromoo hin fayyadu. Dantaalee aangoo abjochuudhaan barattooti Oromoo ilaalcha isyaasa gosummaan wali ijaaruun kun dhukkuba dafee fayyu miti. Rakkoon kun waan hundaa caalaatti QBO midheera. Dhukubi kun Oromiyaa seenuuf tarii yoo carraa argateef baroota danuuf adeemsa QBO duubatti harkkisuudhaan sochilee QBO ful-duratti adeemuu danquu kessaan umurii sirna gabirummaa dheeressa. Kanafuu jaarmoleen QBO bara dorgommii gartummaa irraa gara bara tokkummaan (tumsomuun) sochilee siyaasa QBO hogganutti guddachuuf (ce`uuf) murteessuun sagantaa ariifachiisaadha.

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